An Epidemiologic and Economic Study of Respiratory Diseases in Two Conventional Danish Swine Herds. I: Prevalence of Respiratory Lesions at Slaughter and Their Effects on Growth

A total of 578 slaughter pigs from 2 Danish conventional farrow-to-finish operations (Herds A and B) were followed from an age of 14 days to slaughter. Pigs were weighed at 3 weeks intervals and at slaughter and an extended post mortem examination of the plucks was done. Comparison of growth rates in pigs with and without specific types of lesions by the t-test and those with multiple lesions with regression models demonstrated that Mycoplasma-like pneumonia, complicated pneumonia, anterio-ventral pleuritis, fissures and atrophic rhinitis significantly reduced mean daily gain and increased the time required to reach slaughter weight. The total impact of the lesions in Herd A was an estimated reduction in mean daily gain of 27 grams and a 2 day increase in the interval from 14 days of age until slaughter (MDG14). Decreases in MDG14 in Herd B were more substantial, 98 grams and 16.7 days. Reductions in mean daily gains during the interval from the fourth weighing until slaughter were 31 grams in Herd A and 137 grams in Herd B. Chronic dorso-caudal and parietal pleuritis, without other lesions present, had no significant adverse effects on growth rates in either herd. Interactions between lesions did not significantly alter the estimates. The R² values obtained for the regression models showed that the presence, absence or extent of lesions at slaughter explained only 13-27% of the variations in growth rates in the 2 herds.     

An Epidemiologic and Economic Study of Respiratory Diseases in Two Conventional Danish Swine Herds. II: Associations Between Lesions Present at Slaughter and Mean Daily Gains During Specific Intervals of the Growth Period

A total of 578 slaughter pigs from 2 Danish conventional farrow-to-finish operations (Herds a and B) were followed from an age of 14 days to slaughter. Pigs were weighed at 3 weeks intervals and at slaughter and extended post mortem examination of the plucks was done. Regression models with second and third order interaction terms demonstrated that Mycoplasma-like pneumonia, complicated pneumonia, anterio-ventral pleuritis, pericarditis, fissures and atrophic rhinitis, separately and through interactions with other lesions, significantly reduced mean daily gains during specific intervals of the growth period in 2 conventional swine herds. It is likely that the periods of reduced growth reflect the times when the diseases were in the acute and early recovery stages. Maximum estimated reductions in daily gains associated with the combined lesions were 82 grams and 283 grams during the interval 120-140 days in Herds A and B, respectively. Although dorso-caudal pleuritis and parietal pleuritis had minor negative effects during 2 intervals neither had a significant adverse effect on total growth rate in either herd (Paisley et al. 1993). R² values for the regression models were less than 0.27 showing that the lesions present at slaughter explained less than 27% of the variation in herd mean daily gains during any interval.     

常年性变应性鼻炎手术疗法探讨

探索常年性变应性鼻炎的治疗新方法,方法选择各种非手术疗法不佳的常年性变应性鼻炎患者３６例为手术组（６例伴有支气管哮喘）,病程１．５－２０ａ局麻下行双侧蝶腭,筛前神经电灼加下鼻甲部切除切;另选３１例未行手术首作为对照组。结论蝶腭,筛前神经电灼加下鼻部分切除的新方法为治疗常年性变性鼻炎之有效的方法之一。     

Effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with dexamethasone on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in EAE rats

AIM: To investigate the role of TLRs/NF-κB pathway in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats treated with tripterygium glycosides (TG) + dexamethasone (DX). METHODS: Lewis rats were used in the study and divided into control group, EAE model group, therapy 1 group (EAE rats treated with DX) and therapy 2 group (EAE rats treated with DX+TG). The mean clinical score of the rats was determined. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the methods of real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of NF-κB p65 was also measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean clinical scores at 5th, 16th and 20th day were lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than that in EAE model group. The mean clinical score in therapy 2 group was even lower than that in therapy 1 group. At the 16th day (the peaking period), the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were obviously lower than that in EAE model group. The protein levels of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB p65 were also significantly lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than those in EAE model group at peak stage of EAE. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower in therapy1 group and therapy2 group than those in EAE model group. The significant differences of the mean clinical score, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9, the positive ratio of NF-κB p65 and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 between therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were found. The result of orthogonal factorial analysis of variance indicated that the difference of therapeutic effect between DX and DX+TG was significant (F=75.749, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The TLRs/NF-κB pathway takes part in the pathological process of EAE. TG combined with DX alleviates the symptoms of EAE by suppressing inflammatory and immunological reactions of EAE.     

猪萎缩性鼻炎巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗免疫程序的优化

为探索最佳的猪萎缩性鼻炎免疫防控程序,本实验采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比:TPR)测定的方法对猪AR巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采用不同的免疫程序,A组:母猪于产前6周及2周各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及2周、所产仔猪3周龄各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。在自然感染条件下,各组所产仔猪试验结果表明:A组有36.36%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%比较正常;对照组有9.10%的仔猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫程序的效果进行分析,结果表明,B组免疫的效果最佳,保护率高,猪的平均日增重最高,料重肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。     

猪萎缩性鼻炎凝集反应抗原的制备及应用

为快速地诊断猪萎缩性鼻炎及监测其免疫状况,本试验在对支气管败血波氏杆菌保存菌种进行复苏和全面鉴定的基础上,制备了猪萎缩性鼻炎凝集反应抗原,经凝集反应试验表明,该抗原在PBS中不发生自凝,与猪传染性胸膜肺炎、猪喘气病和猪瘟的阳性血清均无凝集反应,而对猪萎缩性鼻炎标准阳性血清的凝集效价高达1∶10 240以上,具有较高的特异性和敏感性;对20份免疫母猪所产仔猪血清样本进行检测,检出率为95%.     

独穴蜂针疗法对变应性鼻炎防治效果的观察与分析

为探讨独穴蜂针疗法与蜜蜂毒素对变应性鼻炎的防治效果,５年来采用独穴蜂针疗法治疗了３２例全年性变应性鼻炎病人,结果有效率为１００％,两年治愈率为７８％,说明独穴蜂针疗法对变应性鼻炎具有特殊的防治效果。结果提示：蜂针疗法是一种自然的生物免疫疗法,蜂毒液可能为一类天然的有效的生物应答调节剂,通过调节机体的免疫系统而产生抗过敏、抗感染、抗肿瘤作用。     

猪萎缩性鼻炎的研究进展

猪萎缩性鼻炎(Porcine atrophic rhinitis,PAR)是猪的一种重要的呼吸系统疾病,是影响猪肉生产的一个重要原因之一。本文介绍了PAR的致病因素,综述了近年来流行病学、临床症状及临床诊断的研究现状,并对PAR的防治做了展望。     

猪萎缩性鼻炎的微生物学诊断与防制

从某猪场猪萎缩性鼻炎病料中分离到一株细菌 ,经形态与染色特性、培养特征、生化试验、动物致病性试验、溶血性试验证实为支气管败血波氏杆菌 ;该菌对庆大霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素等抗生素敏感 ,对羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉毒、痢特灵、红霉素等抗生素不敏感 ;对豚鼠有致病性 ,对小白鼠无致病性。以该菌制备的油佐剂灭活疫苗对免疫猪有一定的保护作用     

牛源分枝杆菌变应原对免疫豚鼠变态反应试验

本文采用牛结核PPD检出阳性牛分离的分枝杆菌(包括有牛分枝杆菌、瘰疬分枝杆菌、乌胞内分枝杆菌2型及9型、副结核分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌以及草分枝杆菌等),制成灭活免疫原进行豚鼠接种,并以各种分枝杆菌PPD进行变态反应检查,以观察其发生交叉反应的情况。试验结果表明:各种分枝杆菌除发生主反应外,均表现出明显的相互交叉的变态反应,尤以瘰疬分枝杆菌、乌胞内分杆菌2型及9型、副结核分枝杆菌以及牛分枝杆菌等交叉严重。提示:在牛结核及副结核的检疫中出现其它分枝杆菌干扰的假阳性反应。